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L.2 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Yield Curve Strategies: Bullets, Barbells, and Ladders

Portfolio managers position along the yield curve to express views on rate movements. Three classic structures — bullets, barbells, and ladders — respond very differently to curve shifts.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
StrategyStructureBest WhenRisk
BulletConcentrate around one maturity (e.g., all 5-year)Curve flattens at your maturityPoor if curve steepens
BarbellSplit between short and long (e.g., 2-year + 10-year)Curve flattens (long outperforms), volatile ratesPoor if curve steepens
LadderEqual amounts at each maturity (1, 3, 5, 7, 10)Uncertainty about rate directionDoesn’t outperform in any scenario
§ 02

Barbells have more convexity than bullets at the same duration, which means they outperform in volatile rate environments. But bullets outperform when the curve steepens because they avoid the underperforming short end.

§ 03
Check the current yield curve shape in the **Macro** section. Is it steep, flat, or inverted? A flat/inverted curve favors barbells; a steep curve favors bullets.
§ 04
The yield curve is currently very flat (2-year and 10-year yields are nearly equal). Which strategy benefits most?
§ 05

Ladders are the ‘I don’t know’ strategy — and that’s often the right answer. They provide automatic reinvestment at changing rates and reduce the cost of being wrong about rate direction.

§ 06
Yield curve is flat (2Y yield = 10Y yield = 4.5%). You can either build a 'bullet' portfolio (all 7Y bonds) or a 'barbell' (50% 2Y + 50% 30Y, duration-matched). What's the difference?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

The yield curve is steep (2-year at 3%, 10-year at 5%). You believe the Fed will raise short-term rates, flattening the curve. Which strategy should you use?

Why:
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