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L.5 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Distressed Debt Investing

Distressed debt investing involves buying bonds at deep discounts (often 30–60 cents on the dollar) and profiting from recovery — either through a turnaround in the company’s fortunes or through the restructuring process itself.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
StrategyApproachReturn Driver
TradingBuy at 40, sell at 60 when sentiment improvesPrice recovery from overselling
Active restructuringBuy enough debt to influence the Chapter 11 planControl the reorganization outcome
Loan-to-ownBuy fulcrum debt that converts to equityOwn the reorganized company at a deep discount
LiquidationBuy secured debt at a discount to collateral valueRecovery exceeds purchase price
§ 02

The key metric is the recovery rate vs. purchase price, not the coupon. If you buy a bond at $0.40 and the company recovers to pay $0.65, that’s a 62.5% return regardless of what the coupon was.

§ 03
Distressed Debt Return = (Recovery Value − Purchase Price) / Purchase Price
§ 04
When a company files for bankruptcy, check the trading price of its bonds. Senior secured bonds trading at 60–80 cents often offer attractive risk-adjusted returns if the recovery analysis supports it.
§ 05
A company’s unsecured bonds trade at $0.30. Your analysis estimates recovery of $0.45 in restructuring. Is this attractive?
§ 06

Distressed investing requires deep legal knowledge (bankruptcy code, priority of claims) in addition to financial analysis. The best distressed investors are as much lawyers as they are analysts — understanding the process is as important as understanding the numbers.

§ 07
Distressed debt: a bond trades at 35¢ on the dollar. Recovery analysis suggests 40-50¢ in bankruptcy. Investment thesis?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A company's senior secured bonds trade at 45 cents on the dollar. The company has $2B in total debt and $1.5B in estimated enterprise value. Senior secured debt is $800M. What is the approximate recovery for senior secured bondholders in a restructuring?

Why:
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