Skip to main content Skip to main content
Not investment advice. Educational reading. See Disclaimer.
L.4 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Structured Credit: CLOs, MBS, and ABS

Structured credit packages loans into bonds with different risk tranches. CLOs, MBS, and ABS are the main categories — and understanding their mechanics reveals both their utility and their systemic risks.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
ProductUnderlying AssetsKey RiskRole in 2008
CLOsLeveraged loans (corporate)Default rate on underlying loansPerformed relatively well
MBSResidential mortgagesPrepayment + default riskCentral to the crisis
ABSAuto loans, credit cards, student loansConsumer credit qualitySecondary role in crisis
§ 02

Tranching creates a waterfall: AAA tranches get paid first and absorb losses last. Equity tranches absorb losses first but earn the highest yield. The magic and danger of structured credit is that AAA-rated tranches can be created from pools of lower-quality loans.

§ 03
When reading about structured products, always ask: what’s in the pool? A CLO backed by B-rated leveraged loans is very different from an MBS backed by prime mortgages, even if both have AAA tranches.
§ 04
A CLO’s AAA tranche yields 150 bps over Treasuries while a corporate AAA bond yields 50 bps over. Why the difference?
§ 05

The lesson of 2008: structured credit works in normal times but can fail spectacularly when correlations between underlying assets spike. Models assumed mortgage defaults were independent; in reality, they were highly correlated.

§ 06
Structured credit: an MBS (mortgage-backed security) has prepayment sensitivity. When rates fall rapidly, what happens to the MBS?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A CLO has $500M in leveraged loans as collateral. The tranches are: $350M AAA (3% yield), $75M BBB (6% yield), $50M BB (9% yield), and $25M equity. If 5% of the underlying loans default with 50% recovery, which tranche absorbs the first loss?

Why:
See it on a real ticker →