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L.3 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Credit Default Swaps: Insurance on Bonds

Credit Default Swaps are insurance against bond defaults. CDS spreads are the market’s real-time assessment of credit risk — often more timely than rating agency grades.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
CDS Premium = Notional × Spread (bps) / 10,000
§ 02
CDS SpreadImplied RatingMarket View
< 50 bpsAA/AAAVery low default risk
50–150 bpsA/BBBInvestment grade
150–400 bpsBB/BHigh yield territory
400–1000 bpsCCCDistressed
> 1000 bpsDefault likelyNear-default or restructuring expected
§ 03

CDS spreads move faster than credit ratings because they’re market-priced. When CDS spreads spike but the rating hasn’t changed, the market is ahead of the rating agency — this is where early warning value lies.

§ 04
Track CDS spreads for major financial institutions during periods of market stress. They serve as a real-time barometer of systemic risk.
§ 05
A company’s CDS spread widens from 100 to 400 bps over 2 months while its bonds yield only 5.5%. What does the CDS market know?
§ 06

The CDS-bond basis (CDS spread minus bond spread) should theoretically be zero. When it’s significantly positive, CDS protection is expensive relative to bonds — a signal of market stress or technical dislocation.

§ 07
You own $100M of AAA-rated CLO. During market stress, what's the WORST-case concern?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A company's 5-year CDS trades at 300 bps. Assuming 40% recovery rate, what is the market-implied annual probability of default?

Why:
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