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L.6 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Credit Default Swaps: Insurance on Bonds

A credit default swap (CDS) is insurance against a bond issuer defaulting. The buyer pays a periodic premium (the CDS spread, in basis points) and receives a payout if the reference entity defaults. CDS spreads are the market’s real-time assessment of credit risk.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
CDS FeatureDetail
Buyer paysCDS spread (e.g., 150 bps/year on notional)
Buyer receivesPar − recovery value if default occurs
Seller receivesPremium income
Seller paysThe loss if default occurs
No default neededCDS trades in secondary market based on spread changes
§ 02
Annual CDS Premium = Notional × CDS Spread (bps) / 10,000
§ 03

CDS spreads are often a better real-time indicator of credit risk than rating agency grades. When CDS spreads spike, the market is pricing in deteriorating creditworthiness — often before the rating agencies downgrade.

§ 04
During major credit events, CDS spreads for affected companies spike from 100–200 bps to 1,000+ bps. Monitor financial news for CDS spread movements as an early warning of credit stress.
§ 05
A company’s CDS spread widens from 80 bps to 350 bps over three months. The credit rating hasn’t changed. What’s the market telling you?
§ 06

CDS played a central role in the 2008 financial crisis — AIG sold massive amounts of CDS protection on mortgage-backed securities without adequate reserves. Understanding CDS is essential for understanding systemic financial risk.

§ 07
You own $10M of XYZ corporate bonds. XYZ CDS trades at 200bp (meaning cost of protection is 2%/yr). If you buy protection, what are you buying?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A company's CDS spread widens from 80 basis points to 350 basis points over three months, but its stock price has barely moved. What should an equity investor conclude?

Why:
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