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L.15 · INTERMEDIATE · 2 MIN

Risk Metrics: Sharpe, Beta, and Drawdown

Risk metrics quantify how volatile your portfolio is and whether the returns justify the risk you are taking.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
MetricWhat It MeasuresGood Target
Sharpe RatioReturn per unit of riskAbove 1.0 (rough guide; needs a long sample + benchmark)
BetaCorrelated movement with the market (not total volatility)1.0 = same as market, <1 = less volatile
Max DrawdownWorst peak-to-trough lossLower is better -- but the S&P 500 itself has had 15+ drops of 20%+ since 1926 (one roughly every 7-10 years), so a 20% drawdown is the price of the equity risk premium, not a failure. Lower drawdown means lower expected return -- adjust by adding bonds, not by stock-picking.
CorrelationHow stocks move togetherLower correlation = better diversification
§ 02
Sharpe Ratio = (Portfolio Return - Risk-Free Rate) / Portfolio Std Dev
§ 03

All three inputs must be annual figures. If the only volatility you have is monthly, annualize it first: multiply the monthly standard deviation by the square root of 12 (about 3.46). Mixing a monthly volatility with an annual return makes the Sharpe ratio look far better than it really is.

§ 04
Open the **Portfolio Analytics** tab and check your Sharpe Ratio, Beta, and Max Drawdown. Is the risk justified by the return?
§ 05

A portfolio earning 15% with 30% volatility (Sharpe 0.35) is worse risk-adjusted than one earning 10% with 10% volatility (Sharpe 0.55). Risk matters as much as return.

§ 06
Portfolio A: Sharpe 1.2, max drawdown 15%. Portfolio B: Sharpe 0.9, max drawdown 8%. Which is the better portfolio?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

Portfolio A has Sharpe 1.5 and Portfolio B has Sharpe 0.5. Which gives better risk-adjusted returns?

Why:
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