Skip to main content Skip to main content
Not investment advice. Educational reading. See Disclaimer.
L.5 · INTERMEDIATE · 2 MIN

Stress Testing and Scenario Analysis

VaR and ES rely on statistical models that can fail when markets break. Stress testing asks the more direct question: what happens to my portfolio under specific extreme but plausible scenarios?

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
Stress Test TypeMethodExample
Historical scenarioApply actual past crisis returns2008 financial crisis, COVID March 2020
Hypothetical scenarioDesign a plausible shockChina invades Taiwan, Fed hikes 300bps
Sensitivity analysisVary one factor at a timeWhat if rates rise 200bps? What if oil doubles?
Reverse stress testWhat scenario would cause max tolerable loss?What would have to happen to lose 30%?
§ 02

Reverse stress testing is the most valuable exercise. Instead of asking ‘what if X happens?’, ask ‘what would have to happen for me to lose 30%?’ If the answer is a plausible scenario, your portfolio needs restructuring.

§ 03
Apply the March 2020 COVID scenario to your current portfolio. Most equity portfolios dropped 30–40% in 3 weeks. Can you tolerate that drawdown? If not, adjust now.
§ 04
Your reverse stress test shows a 30% loss requires both a recession AND a sector-specific shock hitting simultaneously. How concerned should you be?
§ 05

The scenarios that blow up portfolios are almost never the ones you stress-tested for. The value of stress testing isn’t predicting the exact crisis — it’s discovering hidden concentrations and fragilities in your portfolio.

§ 06
You stress-test a portfolio against a '2008-style' scenario. The model says max drawdown would be 35%. Real 2008 saw -42% for your asset mix. Why might the stress test UNDERESTIMATE actual crises?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

During normal markets, your equity holdings and corporate bond holdings have a correlation of 0.3. You run a stress test using the 2008 financial crisis. What is the most important adjustment to make?

Why:
See it on a real ticker →