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L.6 · BEGINNER · 2 MIN

Efficiency Ratios: How Well Management Runs the Business

Efficiency ratios measure how well a company converts assets into revenue and cash. Two companies with identical margins can have vastly different returns because one uses its assets better.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓

Microsoft's return on equity and margin, live

MSFT — ROE, Operating Margin. Open MSFT on the Ledge to see current values.

Four efficiency ratios and how to read them

RatioFormulaInterpretation
Asset TurnoverRevenue / Total AssetsHow many dollars of sales per dollar of assets
Inventory TurnoverCOGS / Average InventoryHow quickly inventory sells (higher = faster)
Days Sales OutstandingReceivables / (Revenue / 365)Average days to collect payment
Cash Conversion CycleDSI + DSO - DPODays between paying suppliers and collecting from customers

A short cash conversion cycle is free financing

A shorter cash conversion cycle means the company gets paid faster than it pays suppliers. That is free financing from the business model itself.

Compare efficiency across two companies

Compare two companies in the same sector using the Compare feature. Look at asset turnover and inventory metrics. Better efficiency often predicts outperformance.

Which company manages inventory better

Company A turns over inventory 12 times per year. Company B turns it over 4 times. Which manages inventory better?

Efficiency is the hidden edge: Walmart's turnover

Efficiency is the hidden edge. Walmart does not win on margins (they are thin). It wins on turnover: selling enormous volumes quickly with minimal waste.

Check your understanding

Sit with the ideas.

Walmart has asset turnover of 2.5x and inventory turnover of 8.5x. A luxury retailer has asset turnover of 0.8x and inventory turnover of 2.0x. Why the difference?

Why:
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