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L.1 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Vertical Spreads: Defined Risk Directional Bets

Vertical spreads are the workhorse of professional options trading — defined-risk directional bets that cost less than outright options and benefit from time decay.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓

Compare

SpreadStructureMax ProfitMax LossBest When
Bull CallBuy lower call, sell higher callSpread width − net debitNet debit paidModerately bullish
Bear PutBuy higher put, sell lower putSpread width − net debitNet debit paidModerately bearish
Bull Put (credit)Sell higher put, buy lower putNet credit receivedSpread width − creditNeutral to bullish
Bear Call (credit)Sell lower call, buy higher callNet credit receivedSpread width − creditNeutral to bearish

Formula

Bull Call Spread: Max Profit = (High Strike − Low Strike) − Net Debit

Key point

Debit spreads (buy closer strike) pay upfront for a defined payoff. Credit spreads (sell closer strike) collect premium and hope the stock stays away from the sold strike. Both have defined max loss — unlike naked options.

Try it

Price out a bull call spread on a stock you’re bullish on. Compare the cost to buying a single call. The spread costs less but caps your upside at the sold strike.

Check-in

You’re moderately bullish on a stock at $100. A $100/$110 bull call spread costs $4. What’s your breakeven?

Key insight

Spreads force you to define your thesis precisely: not just ‘I think it goes up’ but ‘I think it goes up to approximately this level in this timeframe.’ This discipline improves trading decisions.

Check your understanding

Sit with the ideas.

You buy a $50 call for $3.00 and sell a $55 call for $1.50 (bull call spread). What is the maximum profit, maximum loss, and breakeven price?

Why:
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