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Not investment advice. Educational reading. See Disclaimer.
L.1 · BEGINNER · 3 MIN

Calls and Puts: The Building Blocks

There are only two types of options: calls and puts. Every options strategy — no matter how complex — is built from these two building blocks.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
AAPL — Current Price, Today's Change. Open AAPL on the Ledge to see current values.
§ 02
Call OptionPut Option
Right to...BUY 100 shares at strike priceSELL 100 shares at strike price
You profit when...Stock rises above strike + premiumStock falls below strike − premium
Max loss (buyer)Premium paidPremium paid
Max gain (buyer)Unlimited (stock can rise indefinitely)Strike price − premium (stock can fall to $0)
You’re bullish?Buy a callSell a put
You’re bearish?Sell a callBuy a put
§ 03

Every option contract controls 100 shares. A call priced at $3.00 costs $300 ($3 × 100 shares). This leverage is what makes options powerful — and dangerous.

§ 04
Option Cost = Premium × 100 shares
§ 05
Look up any stock in **Fundamentals**. If you’re bullish on it, you’d buy a call. If bearish, you’d buy a put. Note the current price — that’s what you’d compare strike prices against.
§ 06
You buy a $150 call for $5 when the stock is at $148. At expiration, the stock is at $158. What’s your profit per share?
§ 07

Options let you define your risk. Unlike shorting a stock (unlimited risk), buying a put limits your loss to the premium paid. This defined-risk property is why options exist.

§ 08

Selling options without a hedge has very different risk than buying. Naked short calls have theoretically unlimited loss (the stock can rise to any price); naked short puts have bounded but very large loss (strike x 100 minus premium received — on a $100-strike put, you can lose up to $9,700 per contract if the stock goes to zero). Do not sell options without completing a more advanced course on spreads and defined-risk structures. FINRA's options-approval framework treats short uncovered options as level 4-5 — many brokerages will not permit them at retail level 1 precisely because of this asymmetric risk profile.

§ 09
You buy an AAPL $200 call expiring in 30 days. AAPL is at $195. What happens at expiry if AAPL is at $210?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

You buy a call option with a $150 strike on a stock currently trading at $140. The option costs $3.00. What is your maximum possible loss?

Why:
Try this in paper trading

Buy 100 shares of a covered-call candidate

Pick a stock you'd be comfortable selling at 10% above today's price. Paper-buy 100 shares (a standard options contract size). Journal what strike + expiration you'd write a covered call at, even though we're not paper-trading options at v1.

Open paper portfolio →

Practice mode — simulated trades, not investment advice.

See it on a real ticker →