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L.7 · INTERMEDIATE · 2 MIN

Sunk Cost Fallacy: Throwing Good Money After Bad

The sunk cost fallacy is the tendency to continue a losing course of action because of previously invested resources (time, money, effort) that cannot be recovered. In investing, this means holding a deteriorating position because ‘I’ve already lost so much.’

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
Sunk Cost ThinkingRational Thinking
‘I’ve already invested $50K, can’t sell now’The $50K is gone regardless. Only future returns matter.
‘I’ve spent 100 hours researching this stock’Time spent doesn’t make the thesis right. New information should override old research.
‘I’ll average down to lower my cost basis’Averaging down makes sense only if the thesis is intact. If fundamentals deteriorated, you’re just increasing exposure to a bad investment.
‘Management promised a turnaround’Evaluate the turnaround on its merits, not on your desire for one.
§ 02

Averaging down is the most common manifestation of sunk cost fallacy in investing. It feels rational (‘I’m getting a better price!’) but if the reason for the decline is fundamental deterioration, you’re doubling your bet on a losing hand.

§ 03
Look at your largest losing position. Ask: ‘If I had this cash instead of this stock, would I buy this stock today?’ If no, the only reason you’re holding is sunk cost.
§ 04
You bought a stock at $100 that’s now $40. A friend suggests a different stock at $40 with much better fundamentals. You say ‘I’ll keep mine — it has more upside back to $100.’ Is this rational?
§ 05

The ‘clean slate’ test: Imagine you woke up today with a portfolio of only cash. Would you rebuild the exact same portfolio? The positions you wouldn’t rebuy are the ones you’re holding because of sunk cost, not because of conviction.

Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

You bought 1,000 shares of a tech company at $150 ($150K invested). It's now $60. The firm has $50/share in cash, is burning $5/share per quarter, and has no clear path to profitability. Should you average down at $60?

Why:
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