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L.4 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Section 363 Sales: Buying Assets Out of Bankruptcy

Section 363 sales allow a debtor to sell assets free and clear of all liens, claims, and encumbrances. For buyers, this is one of the cleanest ways to acquire assets — you get them without inheriting the seller’s liabilities.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓

The benefits and risks of a 363 sale

363 Sale FeatureBenefit for BuyerRisk
Free and clearNo inherited liens, lawsuits, or environmental claimsMust still do diligence on asset quality
Court approvalProvides legal finality — sale is very hard to challengeAuction process may push price up
SpeedTypically 45–90 days from filing to closeFast timeline limits diligence
Stalking horseInitial bidder sets the floor price and termsMust accept being outbid at auction

The stalking horse and its breakup fee

The stalking horse bidder negotiates a breakup fee (typically 2–3% of deal value) for the risk of being outbid. Being the stalking horse gives you information advantage and sets the terms, even if you lose the auction.

Watch a case for 363 sale motions

Follow a major bankruptcy case and watch for 363 sale motions. The stalking horse bid reveals the floor value, and subsequent bids reveal how much competitive interest exists.

Why the stalking horse bid is a floor

A company in Chapter 11 proposes a 363 sale of its best division for $500M to a stalking horse. Two other bidders emerge. What happens?

Why 363 sales are the preferred exit

363 sales are increasingly the preferred exit route in large bankruptcies because they’re faster and cleaner than a full reorganization plan. For acquirers, they offer a rare opportunity to buy quality assets at distressed prices.

The buyer's main attraction: no inherited liabilities

A bankrupt company initiates a Section 363 asset sale. Strategic buyer wins with a $500M bid. What's the main attraction of 363 sales for buyers?
Check your understanding

Sit with the ideas.

A bankrupt airline is selling its gates, routes, and aircraft via Section 363. A strategic competitor submits a stalking horse bid of $1.8B with a 2% breakup fee. At auction, a second bidder wins at $2.1B. The airline's secured debt is $1.5B and unsecured bonds total $900M. What are the key outcomes?

Why:
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