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L.6 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Hostile Takeovers and Defense Mechanisms

About 10% of M&A transactions are hostile — the target board opposes the deal. Understanding the attack-and-defense playbook matters because even friendly deals occur in the shadow of hostile tactics.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
DefenseMechanismEffectiveness
Poison pillExisting shareholders can buy stock at a discount, massively diluting the raiderVery effective — makes hostile acquisition prohibitively expensive
Staggered boardOnly 1/3 of directors elected per yearStrong — raider can’t gain control for 2+ years
White knightFind a friendlier acquirer to bid higherCommon — starts a bidding war
Crown jewel defenseSell the most valuable assets to make target less attractiveExtreme — courts may block as breach of fiduciary duty
Pac-Man defenseTarget launches counter-bid for the acquirerRare and dramatic
§ 02

Strong takeover defenses protect management but may not serve shareholders. A target trading at $80 that rejects a $100 hostile bid must justify why staying independent is worth more than the premium.

§ 03
Check a company’s proxy statement for anti-takeover provisions: staggered board, poison pill, supermajority voting requirements. More defenses = more management entrenchment.
§ 04
A raider offers $50/share (40% premium) for a stock at $36. The board rejects it and activates a poison pill. Is this good for shareholders?
§ 05

In hostile situations, follow the board’s actions, not their words. If they reject a premium offer without a credible standalone plan, they may be prioritizing their jobs over shareholder value.

§ 06
A hostile bidder offers $60/share cash for company trading at $50. Board resists, adopts 'poison pill.' What's the board's goal?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A hostile bidder owns 14.9% of a target and announces a tender offer at a 30% premium. The target has a poison pill that triggers at 15% and a staggered board. The bidder also launches a proxy contest to replace the board. How long will it take the bidder to gain control, assuming shareholders support the bidder?

Why:
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