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L.8 · ADVANCED · 2 MIN

Due Diligence and Purchase Agreement Mechanics

Due diligence is the investigative process that separates informed acquirers from those who discover unpleasant surprises after closing. It’s where deals are made or broken.

Quiz · 5 questions ↓
§ 01
Diligence AreaKey FocusDeal Breakers
FinancialQuality of earnings, working capital norms, off-B/S itemsOverstated earnings, hidden liabilities
LegalLitigation, IP ownership, contract assignabilityMaterial pending lawsuits, IP disputes
TaxNOL carryforwards, transfer pricing, audit historyTax exposures exceeding representations
CommercialCustomer concentration, competitive dynamicsTop customer leaving, market decline
HR/CulturalKey person dependencies, compensation obligationsGolden parachutes, mass departure risk
§ 02

Quality of Earnings (QoE) analysis adjusts reported EBITDA for non-recurring items, aggressive accounting, and working capital normalization. The adjusted EBITDA often differs from reported by 10–20%.

§ 03
When analyzing an acquisition target, check: What % of revenue comes from the top 5 customers? What’s the customer contract renewal rate? High concentration = high commercial risk.
§ 04
Due diligence reveals the target’s top customer (30% of revenue) has a contract expiring in 6 months with no renewal commitment. What do you do?
§ 05

The purchase agreement’s representations and warranties section is where the seller makes legally binding statements about the business. Every diligence finding either confirms a rep or becomes an exception that shifts risk.

§ 06
During due diligence, buyer discovers target had $50M of undisclosed liability (environmental contamination). Purchase agreement has MAC clause. Can buyer walk?
Five questions · AI feedback

Sit with the ideas.

A buyer signs a merger agreement to acquire a manufacturing company for $2B enterprise value. Between signing and closing, the target loses its largest customer (18% of revenue) due to a product recall. The buyer invokes the MAE clause. Will the buyer likely succeed in terminating the deal?

Why:
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