Issuer-Paid Research
A research report a company itself commissions and pays an outside firm to publish about it, typically on a quarterly retainer of a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars. Ratings cluster heavily at "Buy" or "Outperform" because coverage continues only so long as the issuer finds the work acceptable. Treat it as a structured fact sheet from the company packaged as an opinion: usable for understanding the bull case management wants emphasized, not as an independent rating, and never a basis for a position without independent verification.
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Business · CEO Pay Ratio · Conflict of Interest · Explanation by Omission · Fair Dealing · Form 4
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