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JGTRRA 2003

The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003. Cut the US federal tax rate on QUALIFIED DIVIDENDS from ordinary-income rates (up to ~39.6%) down to the long-term-capital-gains rate (15% at the time, 15-20% today). The reform substantially narrowed the historical tax wedge against dividends, partly explaining the modest rise in dividend initiations 2003-2007 (Chetty + Saez 2005). Did NOT, however, slow the parallel rise in buybacks — by the late 2000s, buybacks exceeded dividends in aggregate S&P 500 payout.

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